1. Decongestants

Decongestants work by constricting the blood vessels in the lining of the nose, reducing swelling and opening up the nasal passages. Decongestants are not usually recommended for children aged under 12, breastfeeding women or those who have certain health conditions, such as high blood pressure. They should also be avoided by anyone taking antidepressants called monoamine oxidase inhibitors.

Decongestants are available as: 

• Tablets – useful for people who want a convenient and long-lasting treatment. They are often combined with other ingredients such as paracetamol. Examples include phenylephrine (e.g. Lemsip Max Tablets, also contains paracetamol) and pseudoephedrine (e.g. Sudafed Decongestant Tablets).
• Nasal sprays or drops – useful for people who want immediate relief. Examples include xylometazoline (e.g. the Otrivine Nasal Spray range) and oxymetazoline (e.g. Vicks Sinex Decongestant Nasal Spray), which are effective for eight to 10 hours. Shorter-acting ingredients include ephedrine (e.g. Care Ephedrine Nasal Drops). Prolonged use for a week or more can cause rebound congestion.

2. Corticosteroids 

Corticosteroids are anti-inflammatory drugs available as nasal sprays for allergic rhinitis and are suitable for customers aged 18 years and over. Examples include beclometasone (e.g. Beconase Hayfever) and fluticasone (e.g. Pirinase Hayfever).