1. Vaginal dryness: can affect women of any age, but it is more common during and after the menopause. Symptoms include itching, burning and pain inside or around the vagina, as well as pain during sexual intercourse (sometimes with bleeding). In addition, there may be urinary symptoms such as increased urgency, pain and recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs).

2. Thrush: is a common infection caused by the yeast Candida albicans. If the balance of bacteria and yeast in the vagina changes, the yeast can thrive and cause thrush symptoms, such as itching and a thick, white odourless discharge. There may be a stinging feeling on urination and the skin in the area might be red and inflamed. Thrush can be more common after a course of antibiotics, in women with diabetes and in pregnant women. Men can also be affected.

3. Cystitis: is an inflammation of the bladder. It is usually caused by a bacterial infection, but can be caused by irritation. Symptoms include needing to urinate frequently, pain and/or stinging on urination, dark or cloudy urine and feeling generally unwell. It often resolves by itself within a few days, but causes discomfort. 

4. Bacterial vaginosis (BV): is another common condition that occurs as a result of the balance of bacteria in the vagina being changed. Symptoms include a vaginal discharge that might be thinner and watery, grey/white in colour and develop a strong fishy smell. Many women with BV may not have any symptoms.

Did you know?

Bacterial vaginosis is not an STI but having it can increase the risk of contracting one.