The treatment of choice will depend on an individual’s symptoms and their cause, although this may not always be obvious. Ask the WWHAM questions and refer to your pharmacist when necessary.

1. Sea water and saline nasal sprays 

Nasal sprays based on natural ingredients such as sea water or saline can provide relief from a number of nasal conditions.

Products containing sea water (e.g. Stérimar Nasal Hygiene) work by washing away allergens and rebalancing nasal functions. Some have additional ingredients such as manganese, calcium and purified water (e.g. Stérimar Stop & Protect Allergy Response) to inactivate and neutralise allergens in the nose and form a barrier to prevent allergens from irritating the nasal mucosa. These products can be used alone or alongside medication and are suitable for pregnant women, babies, young children and those who can’t take medicated treatments.

2. Decongestants

Decongestants work by constricting the blood vessels in the lining of the nose, reducing swelling and opening up the nasal passages. Decongestants are not usually recommended for children under 12, breastfeeding women or those who have certain health conditions, such as high blood pressure. They should also be avoided by anyone taking antidepressants called monoamine oxidase inhibitors.

Decongestants are available as:

• Tablets – useful for people who want a convenient, long-lasting treatment. Examples include phenylephrine (e.g. Lemsip Max Tablets) and pseudoephedrine (e.g. Sudafed Decongestant Tablets)
• Nasal sprays or drops – useful for people who want immediate relief. Examples include xylometazoline (e.g. Otrivine Nasal Spray range) and oxymetazoline (e.g. Vicks Sinex Decongestant Nasal Spray), which are effective for eight to 10 hours. Shorter-acting ingredients include ephedrine (e.g. Ephedrine Nasal Drops). Prolonged use for a week or more can cause rebound congestion.

3. Corticosteroids 

Corticosteroids are anti-inflammatory drugs available as nasal sprays for allergic rhinitis and are suitable for customers aged 18 years and over. Examples include beclometasone (e.g. Beconase Hayfever) and fluticasone (e.g. Pirinase Hayfever).