Module overview

This module covers uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTIs) in women aged 16 to 64 years, often referred to as cystitis. 

Community pharmacists have advised on, and treated, cystitis for many years. Cystitis describes a collection of urinary symptoms, including dysuria (painful urination), urinary frequency and urinary urgency caused by inflammation of the urethra and bladder. Although cystitis is often caused by a bacterial infection, it may also arise from a non-infectious cause. 

Bacterial infection is reported to be found in about 50 per cent of cases, most commonly Escherichia coli, often from the gastrointestinal tract. “Uncomplicated” UTIs are defined as occurring in women who are otherwise healthy and have normal kidney function.

Non-infectious causes of cystitis include sensitivity to chemicals in products such as bubble bath, shower gels, feminine hygiene sprays or spermicidal jellies, which may develop a reaction within the urethra or bladder, causing inflammation and ‘chemical cystitis’.

About half of all cases of cystitis will resolve within three days even without treatment.