As is often the case, preparation is key in terms of preventing and managing anxiety. By taking the time to explain what is going to happen or is happening, adults in the lives of young people can go a long way to helping them ready themselves for what lies ahead or is currently going on. 

For younger children, books and games can help them understand events that are upsetting or have the potential to evoke anxious feelings – for example serious illness, bereavement and relationship breakdowns.

Routines and boundaries also have a place, not just for younger children but also for teenagers who may benefit from the clarity introduced by having limitations, plus reassurance and practical help. Open and considerate communication is key, with an emphasis on listening rather than trying to solve problems and building trust instead of sitting in judgement.

Note that the adult involved in these conversations, particularly with teens, may not be a parent or carer but someone from school or an extracurricular activity with whom they have built a close rapport.