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References

  1. NHS. Vitamins for Children. Page last reviews 16 April 2021. Available at: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/baby/weaning-and-feeding/vitamins-for-children/
  2. Public Health England (2016). Government Dietary Recommendations. London. [last accessed January 2020]
  3. Harvey et al. 2014. Vitamin D supplementation in pregnancy: a systematic review. Health Technol Assess. 2014 Jul;18(45):1-190)
  4. Palacios C, Kostiuk LK, Peña-Rosas JP. Vitamin D supplementation for women during pregnancy. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2019, Issue 7
  5. Javaid, MK, et al. Maternal vitamin status during pregnancy and childhood bone mass at age 9 years: a longitudinal study. Lancet 2006; Jan 7; 367 (9504): 36-43.
  6. Agostoni C et al. Enteral Nutrient Supply for Preterm Infants: Commentary from the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Committee on Nutrition. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2010; 50: 1–9
  7. Koletzko, B et al. 2014. World Review Of Nutrition and Dietetics. Nutritional Care of Preterm Infants: Scientific basis and practical guidelines. Vol.110. Karger.
  8. Nottingham Neonatal Service – Clinical Guideline. Vitamin supplementation in preterm infants version 7. Ratification April 2016
  9.  A Lennox et al. 2013. Diet and Nutrition Survey of Infants and Young Children, 2011 [online]. [Last accessed January 2020]

IMPORTANT NOTICE: The World Health Organisation (WHO) has recommended that pregnant women and new mothers be informed on the benefits and superiority of breastfeeding – in particular the fact that it provides the best nutrition and protection from illness for babies. Mothers should be given guidance on the preparation for, and maintenance of, lactation, with special emphasis on the importance of a well-balanced diet both during pregnancy and after delivery. Unnecessary introduction of partial bottle-feeding or other foods and drinks should be discouraged since it will have a negative effect on breastfeeding. Similarly, mothers should be warned of the difficulty of reversing a decision not to breastfeed. Before advising a mother to use an infant formula, she should be advised of the social and financial implications of her decision: for example, if a baby is exclusively bottle-fed, more than one can (400 g) per week will be needed, so the family circumstances and costs should be kept in mind. Mothers should be reminded that breast milk is not only the best, but also the most economical food for babies. If a decision to use an infant formula is taken, it is important to give instructions on correct preparation methods, emphasising that unboiled water, unsterilised bottles or incorrect dilution can all lead to illness.

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